Indus Valley Civilization

 History have shaped our today and our today will shape the coming future.

                                                     Ancient History of India - 1

We all know that how the technology has evolved our life, but how we reached here do we have a clue....!!

Do we have a idea that how our country has struggled in the past to reach the current stage , some of us do and many of us don't . So lets now go back to the history from where it all started.

Indus Valley Civilization ( Harrapan Civilization ) : 2500–1700 BCE

 

It was the oldest civilization and also called the bronze age civilization. The Indus civilization is known to have consisted of two large cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro and more than 100 towns and villages, often of relatively small size.Language by them used was Dravid.

Harappa was mainly discovered by Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni in 1921. It was named Harappa because the digging first took place and started from there. Mohenjo-daro was discovered by R.D. Banerji in 1922 situated near the bank of Indus river.The Great bath and statue of dancing girl of bronze was also found in Mohenjo-daro. The main port city was in Lothal, Gujarat.

The best-known artifacts of the Indus civilization are a number of small seals, generally made of steatite which were used for trading. No evidence was iron was found and people were engaged in farming and animal husbandry for their living.

 

Mohenjo-daro was attacked toward the middle of the 2nd millennium BCE by raiders invaders from the north (formerly called Aryans) according to Rigveda who swept over the city and then passed on, leaving the dead lying where they fell.

Aryans : 1700–600 BCE

By 1500 BCE the Aryans migrated into the Indian subcontinent. Coming from central Asia, this large group of nomadic cattle herders crossed the Hindu Kush Mountains and came in contact with the Indus Valley Civilization. They used Sanskrit language.

They already discovered iron and they were mostly engaged in animal husbandry than agriculture.They also wrote the four sacred canonical texts of Hinduism known as the Vedas :

1. Rigveda - It is the oldest Veda written in Sanskrit. Mainly contains various hymns for praying to Vedic Gods. It consist of 10 mandals and 1028 poems. Gayatri mantra is taken from this Veda.

2. Samaveda - It is collection songs and music and the oldest book for music.

3. Yajurveda - It contains details about agriculture , holy rituals, collection of mantras (sacred formulas) and verses that forms part of the ancient sacred literature of India known as the Vedas

4. Atharaveda -  It is collection of hymns and incantations that forms part of the ancient sacred literature of India known as the Vedas.